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}} | | | | | | | | | | }} |common_name = South Africa |image_flag = Flag of South Africa.svg |alt_flag = |image_coat = Coat of Arms of South Africa.png |alt_coat = |symbol_type = Coat of arms |national_motto = "(unicode:!ke e: ǀxarra ǁke)" |national_anthem = National anthem of South Africa |image_map = Location South Africa AU Africa.svg |map_caption = |image_map2 = South Africa - Location Map (2013) - ZAF - UNOCHA.svg |capital = |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |largest_city = |official_languages = 〔The Khoi, Nama and San languages, South African Sign Language, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Portuguese, Telugu, Tamil, Urdu, Arabic, Hebrew, Sanskrit and "other languages used for religious purposes in South Africa" have a special status ((Chapter 1, Article 6 of the South African Constitution )).〕 |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2014〔(Mid-year population estimates 2014 ). Statistics South Africa〕 |demonym = South African |government_type = Unitary constitutional parliamentary republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Jacob Zuma |leader_title2 = Deputy President |leader_name2 = Cyril Ramaphosa |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = National Council |lower_house = National Assembly |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = |established_event1 = Union |established_date1 = 31 May 1910 |established_event2 = Self-governance |established_date2 = 11 December 1931 |established_event3 = Republic |established_date3 = 31 May 1961 |established_event4 = Current constitution |established_date4 = 4 February 1997 |area_rank = 25th |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area_km2 = 1,221,037 |area_sq_mi = 471,443 |area_footnote = |percent_water = negligible |population_estimate = 54,956,900 |population_estimate_rank = 25th |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_census = 51,770,560〔 |population_census_year = 2011 |population_density_km2 = 42.4 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = 169th |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = 30th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $13,215〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 90th |GDP_nominal = |GDP_nominal_rank = 35th |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,902〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 88th |Gini_year = 2009 |Gini_change = |Gini = 63.1 |Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.658 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 118th |currency = South African rand |currency_code = ZAR |time_zone = SAST |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = |DST_note = |utc_offset_DST = |antipodes = |date_format = |drives_on = left |calling_code = +27 |iso3166code = |cctld = .za }} South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline of southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=South African Maritime Safety Authority )〕 on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 53 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.〔 Two of these languages are of European origin: Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most white and coloured South Africans; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism, and is commonly used in public and commercial life, though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language.〔 The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état, and regular elections have been held for almost a century. But the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994. During the 20th century, the black majority sought to recover its rights from the dominant white minority, with this struggle playing a large role in the country's recent history and politics. The National Party imposed apartheid in 1948, institutionalizing previous racial segregation. After a long and sometimes violent struggle by the African National Congress and other anti-apartheid activists both inside and outside the country, discriminatory laws began to be repealed or abolished from 1990 onwards. About 80 percent of South Africans are of sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status.〔 The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry. Since 1994, all ethnic and linguistic groups have had political representation in the country's constitutional democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces. South Africa is often referred to as the "Rainbow Nation" to describe the country's newly developing multicultural diversity in the wake of segregationist apartheid ideology. South Africa is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank, and is considered to be a newly industrialised country.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=South Africa )〕 Its economy is the second-largest in Africa, and the 34th-largest in the world.〔 In terms of purchasing power parity, South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=HDI )〕 Nevertheless, South Africa has been identified as a middle power in international affairs, and maintains significant regional influence. ==Name== The name "South Africa" is derived from the country's geographic location at the southern tip of Africa. Upon formation the country was named the Union of South Africa, reflecting its origin from the unification of four formerly separate British colonies. Since 1961 the long form name has been the "Republic of South Africa". In Dutch the country was named ''Republiek van Zuid-Afrika'', replaced in 1983 by the Afrikaans ''Republiek van Suid-Afrika''. Since 1994 the Republic has had an official name in each of its 11 official languages. ''Mzansi'', derived from the Xhosa noun ''umzantsi'' meaning "south", is a colloquial name for South Africa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「south africa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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